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INT 363
Lab 01 - Installing Docker and MicroK8

Setup a Virtual Machine

Step 1: Download & install a VMWare Workstation (opens in a new tab)

Step 2: Download Ubuntu 22.04 (opens in a new tab) (ISO File) or Ubuntu 20.04 (opens in a new tab).

Step 3: Create a Virtual Machine using above ISO File with following configuration (min requirement):

  • CPU: 2 Core
  • Memory: 2 GB
  • Storage: 30 GB

Step 4: Install the Ubuntu on Virtual Machine.

Install Docker & Kubernetes

Step 5: Once Installed. Launch a terminal in Linux and install Docker and Kubernetes. To install docker -

Remove existing installation.

for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose docker-compose-v2 podman-docker containerd runc; do sudo apt-get remove -y $pkg; done

Add Docker's official GPG key:

sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

Add the repository to Apt sources:

echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update -y

Install Docker

sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Start and enable the Docker service:

sudo systemctl enable --now docker

Create a hello-world container

sudo docker run hello-world

Step 6: Install Kubernetes and MicroK8s

Install kubectl

Install GPG Keys/Certificates

sudo apt-get update
# apt-transport-https may be a dummy package; if so, you can skip that package
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg
 
# If the folder `/etc/apt/keyrings` does not exist, it should be created before the curl command, read the note below.
# sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.31/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
sudo chmod 644 /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg # allow unprivileged APT programs to read this keyring
 
# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.31/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo chmod 644 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list   # helps tools such as command-not-found to work correctly

Install kubectl

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubectl

Step 7: Install MicroK8s

sudo snap install microk8s --classic --channel=1.31

Adding user to microk8s group so user can manage and interact with the Kubernetes cluster.

sudo usermod -a -G microk8s $USER
mkdir -p ~/.kube
chmod 0700 ~/.kube
 
su - $USER

Step 8: Allow the following ports in all every node including master node -

19001, 16443, 10250, 10255, 25000, 12379, 10257, 10259, 10248 to 10256, 4789, 2380, 1338

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 19001 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 16443 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10250 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10255 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25000 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 12379 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10257 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10259 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10248:10256 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 4789 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 2380 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1338 -j ACCEPT

To verify the allowed ports -

sudo iptables -L -n | grep "ACCEPT"

Step 9: Start MicroK8s service and check the status.

sudo microk8s start 
microk8s status --wait-ready

Step 10: Enables the MicroK8s dashboard, a web-based user interface for managing Kubernetes clusters.

microk8s enable dashboard

Step 11: Enables DNS within MicroK8s, allowing services to be accessed by their DNS names rather than IP addresses.

microk8s enable dns

Step 12: Enables a container registry within MicroK8s, providing a place to store and manage container images.

microk8s enable registry

Step 13: Enables Istio, a service mesh platform for managing and securing microservices.

sudo microk8s enable community
microk8s enable istio

Step 14: Lists information about the nodes (worker machines) in the MicroK8s cluster, including their status, IP addresses, and other details.

microk8s kubectl get nodes

Descriptions for each line in the output of microk8s kubectl get nodes:

  • NODE NAME: The name of the node.
  • STATUS: The current status of the node, such as Ready or NotReady.
  • ROLES: The roles assigned to the node, such as control-plane or worker.
  • AGE: The age of the node since it joined the cluster.
  • VERSION: The version of Kubernetes running on the node.
  • INTERNAL-IP: The internal IP address of the node within the cluster.
  • EXTERNAL-IP: The external IP address of the node, if applicable.
You must been complete step 1 to Step 14 before moving forward

Step 15: Go to Master Node and add the worker node. To add a worker node generate a token

mictok8s add-node

Step 16: Go to Worker Node and run the command that is generated in output

microk8s join <MASTER_NODE_IP>:25000/<TOKEN>

  • Make sure to run the `microk8s join once at a time and one node at a time and do not run it simultaneously on multiple node

  • To join the multiple worker nodes in a cluster, the command mictok8s add-node should be run on the worker node one by one, once a node join the cluster.

Verification and installing K8s services

To verify the nodes in a cluster. Go to master node and run -

microk8s kubectl get nodes

Install the services. To do so -

microk8s enable metallb helm3 prometheus rback

  • Rback is the role-based access control plugin that is used to provide the access to the users. It is used to provide the access to the users based on the roles.

  • Helm3 is the package manager for the Kubernetes. It is used to install the packages on the Kubernetes.

  • Metallb is the load balancer for the Kubernetes. It is used to provide the load balancing to the Kubernetes.

  • Prometheus is the monitoring tool for the Kubernetes. It is used to monitor the Kubernetes.

Verify all the services by running -

microk8s kubectl get svc --all-namespaces

To run the dashboard run the following command and copy the token

sudo microk8s dashboard-proxy

Naviagte to https://127.0.0.1:10443 (opens in a new tab) in the browser and paste the token to open Kubernetes Dashbaoard

Run using script

  • The specific output of microk8s kubectl get nodes will vary depending on the number and configuration of nodes in your cluster.
  • The microk8s dashboard-proxy command typically runs in the background and can be accessed by opening a web browser and navigating to the specified URL.
wget https://xanderbilla.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Semester_V/resources/Lab_01.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
chmod +x Lab_01.sh
sed -i 's/\r//' Lab_01.sh
./Lab_01.sh

Output:

[OK]  Remove old Docker packages
[OK]  Add Docker GPG key
[OK]  Add Docker repository
[OK]  Install Docker
[OK]  Start and enable Docker
[OK]  Install Kubernetes tools
[OK]  Install MicroK8s
[OK]  Allow required ports in the firewall
[OK]  Verify firewall rules
[OK]  Configure MicroK8s


Setup Completed!
Table of ContentsLab 02 - Setting MicroK8s using on AWS